Eight Basics of Steel Frame Building

I. Hunhu hwesimbi yakagadzirwa

1. Kuzvimiririra kurema kwesimbi chimiro chakareruka

2. Kuvimbika kwepamusoro kwesimbi yekugadzira basa

3. Kuzununguka kwakanaka (kuvhundutsa) kuramba uye kukanganisa kupikisa kwesimbi.

4. Dhigirii yepamusoro yekushanda kwekugadzirwa kwesimbi yekugadzira.

5. Simbi yakagadzirwa inogona kuunganidzwa zvakarurama uye nokukurumidza.

6. Zviri nyore kuita chisimbiso chimiro.

7. Steel chimiro chiri nyore kukorodza.

8. Chimiro chesimbi chine urombo hwekudzivirira moto.

II. Inowanzoshandiswa simbi chimiro simbi giredhi uye kushanda China:

1. Carbon structural simbi: Q195, Q215, Q235, Q255, Q275, nezvimwewo.

2. Low alloy yakakwirira simba structural simbi.

3. Unhu kabhoni structural simbi uye alloy structural simbi.

4. Specialized simbi.

III. Nheyo yekusarudzwa kwezvinhu zvekugadzirwa kwesimbi

Nheyo yekusarudzwa kwezvinhu zvechimiro chesimbi ndeyekuona kutakura simba rekutakura-mutoro chimiro uye kudzivirira brittle kukuvara pasi pemamwe mamiriro, zvinoenderana nekukosha kwechimiro, hunhu hwemutoro, chimiro chechimiro, mamiriro ekushushikana, nzira dzekubatanidza, ukobvu hwesimbi uye. nharaunda yekushanda, uye zvimwe zvinhu zvinotariswa zvizere.

IV. Technical content of main simbi yakagadzirwa

(1) Tekinoroji yepamusoro yesimbi yekugadzira. Zvinoenderana neurefu hwekuvaka uye dhizaini zvinodiwa, furemu, tsigiro yefuremu, silinda uye hofori furemu chimiro chinogamuchirwa zvakateerana, uye zvikamu zvaro zvinogona kugadzirwa nesimbi, yakasimba yakasimbiswa kongiri kana simbi pombi kongiri. Simbi dzesimbi dzakareruka uye ductile, uye welded simbi kana yakakungurutswa simbi inogona kushandiswa, iyo yakakodzera ultra-high-rise zvivako; yakasimba yakasimbiswa kongiri zvikamu zvine yakakura kuomarara uye yakanaka kudzivirira moto, iyo yakakodzera pakati uye yakakwirira-kukwira zvivako kana pasi zvivako; simbi pombi kongiri iri nyore kugadzira uye inongoshandiswa kune makoramu zvimiro.

(2) Space simbi chimiro tekinoroji. Chimiro chesimbi chine huremu huremu, kusimba kwakakura, yakanaka modeling uye nekukurumidza kuvaka. Iyo bhora node flat plate plate net frame, multi-layer variable cross-section net furemu uye net shell ine simbi pombi senhengo yetsvimbo ndiyo yakakura kwazvo nzvimbo simbi chimiro muChina. Iine zvakanakira nzvimbo yakakura kusimba uye yakaderera kushandiswa kwesimbi mukugadzira, kuvaka uye kuongorora maitiro, uye inogona kupa yakakwana CAD. Pamusoro peiyo mambure furemu chimiro, iyo nzvimbo chimiro zvakare ine yakakura-span yekumisa tambo chimiro, tambo membrane chimiro uye zvichingodaro.

(3) Chiedza chesimbi yekugadzira tekinoroji. Inoperekedzwa nesimbi ine mavara akajeka akagadzirwa nemadziro uye padenga enclosure chimiro chinoumbwa nemhando itsva yezvimiro. Neanopfuura 5mm simbi ndiro yakakwenenzverwa kana kukungurutswa hombe-chikamu chemadziro akatetepa-akakomberedzwa H-beam matanda emadziro uye padenga purlins, simbi yakatenderera kuita inochinjika tsigiro sisitimu uye mabhaudhi akasimba akabatana neakareruka simbi chimiro system, iyo mbiru spacing inogona. kuva kubva pa6m kusvika 9m, span inogona kusvika 30m kana kupfuura, kureba kunogona kusvika kudarika gumi nemaviri metres uye inogona kumisikidzwa kusvika kurembera kurembera ina. Kuwanda kwesimbi 20 ~ 30kg/m2. Ikozvino kune akajairwa dhizaini maitiro uye akasarudzika ekugadzira mabhizinesi, mhando yechigadzirwa, kukurumidza kuisirwa, huremu huremu, kushomeka kwekudyara, kuvaka hakuganhurwe nemwaka, inokodzera akasiyana ezvivakwa maindasitiri akareruka.

(4) simbi uye kongiri zvakasanganiswa chimiro tekinoroji. Simbi kana simbi manejimendi uye kongiri zvikamu zvinoumbwa nematanda, makoramu, inotakura-inotakura chimiro chesimbi-kongiri yakasanganiswa chimiro, chiyero chekushandisa chave chichiwedzera mumakore achangopfuura. Yakasanganiswa dhizaini zvese simbi uye kongiri zvese zvakanakira, kusimba kwese, kusimba kwakanaka, kuita kwakanaka kwekudengenyeka kwenyika, kana kushandiswa kwekunze kwekongiri chimiro, moto wakanaka uye kusagadzikana kwemarara. Yakasanganiswa zvimiro zvikamu zvinogona kazhinji kuderedza huwandu hwesimbi 15-20%. Kusanganiswa kwepasi chivharo uye simbi pombi kongiri zvinoriumba, asiwo ane zvakanakira zvishoma rutsigiro chakuvhe kana pasina tsigiro mold, kuvakwa zviri nyore uye nokukurumidza, kukwidziridzwa simba guru. Inokodzera kune akawanda-storey kana yakakwirira-kusimuka zvivakwa ane mikuru mikuru yemapuranga matanda, makoramu uye zvivharo, maindasitiri zvivakwa, makoramu uye zvivharo, nezvimwe.

(5) High-simba bolt yekubatanidza uye welding tekinoroji. Yepamusoro-simba bhaudhi iri kuburikidza nekukwesha kuendesa kushushikana, nebhaudhi, nati uye washer zvikamu zvitatu. Nezvakanakira zvekuvaka zviri nyore, kudonha kunochinjika, kutakura simba, kuita kwakanaka kwekurwisa kuneta uye kuzvivharira, kuchengetedzwa kwepamusoro, nezvimwe, bhaudhi repamusoro-simba rekubatanidza rakatsiva riveting uye chikamu chewelding mupurojekiti, uye yave iyo huru. nzira yekubatanidza mukugadzirwa uye kuiswa kwesimbi yakagadzirwa. Kune zvikamu zvesimbi zvakagadzirwa muwekishopu, otomatiki akawanda-waya arc yakanyura yakanyudzwa welding inofanira kutorwa kune makobvu mahwendefa, uye matekiniki akadai seakasanganiswa spout electroslag welding anofanirwa kugamuchirwa kune mabhokisi-akaumbwa mbiru zvikamu. Semi-otomatiki welding tekinoroji uye gasi-yakadzivirirwa flux-cored waya uye inodzivirira-yega-yekudzivirira flux-cored waya tekinoroji ichagamuchirwa mukuvakwa kwesaiti yekuisa.

(6) Simbi chimiro chekudzivirira tekinoroji. Kudzivirirwa kwesimbi kunosanganisira kudzivirira moto, anticorrosion uye antirust, iyo inowanzo gamuchirwa mushure mekudzivirira kupisa kwemoto kurapwa pasina antirust kurapwa, asi anticorrosion kurapwa kuchiri kudikanwa muzvivakwa zvine gasi rinoparadza. Kune marudzi akawanda edzimba dzisingapindi moto, dzakadai seTN series, MC-10, nezvimwewo. Pakati pavo, MC-10 machira asina moto ane alkyd magnetic paint, chlorinated rabha pendi, fluorine rabha pendi uye chlorosulphonated pendi. Mukuvaka, machira akakodzera uye ukobvu hwekufukidzira hunofanirwa kusarudzwa zvichienderana nemhando yesimbi chimiro, moto wekudzivirira chiyero zvinodiwa uye zvinodiwa kwezvakatipoteredza.

V. Zvinangwa uye Zviyero zveSimbi Structures

Simbi chimiro cheinjiniya chinosanganisira huwandu hwakawanda hwezvinhu uye matambudziko ehunyanzvi, uye inofanirwa kutevedzera nyika uye maindasitiri zviyero uye zvimiro mukusimudzira nekushandisa kwayo. Madhipatimendi ekutonga ekuvaka emunharaunda anofanirwa kutarisisa kuvakwa kwehunyanzvi chikamu chesimbi chimiro engineering, kuronga kudzidziswa kwemhando yeboka rekuongorora, uye kupfupisa maitiro ekushanda uye kushandiswa kwehunyanzvi hunyanzvi munguva. Makoreji nemayunivhesiti, madhipatimendi ekugadzira uye mabhizinesi ekuvaka anofanirwa kukurumidza kurima kwesimbi chimiro mainjiniya uye matekinoroji, uye kusimudzira tekinoroji yakakura yesimbi chimiro CAD. Mapoka akawanda ezvidzidzo anofanirwa kubatirana pamwe nekusimudzira tekinoroji yesimbi, kuita zvakawanda zvekutsinhana kwedzidzo yepamba uye yekunze uye zviitiko zvekudzidzisa, uye nekushingairira kuisa mwero wakazara wesimbi dhizaini dhizaini, kugadzira uye kuvaka uye kuisa tekinoroji munguva pfupi iri kutevera, iyo inogona mubayiro wekuvandudza.

VI. Kubatanidzwa kwezvivako zvesimbi

(A) Welding musono kubatana

Weld kubatana kuri kuburikidza kupisa kunogadzirwa nearc kuitira kuti welding tsvimbo uye weldment yomunharaunda kunyunguduka, kutonhora condensation kupinda weld, kuti weldment yakabatana kuva imwe.

Zvakanakira: haina kunetesa kuyambuka-chikamu chenhengo, kuchengetedza simbi, chimiro chakareruka, nyore kugadzira, kuomarara kwekubatanidza, kuita chisimbiso chakanaka, nyore kushandisa pasi pemamwe mamiriro e otomatiki, kugadzirwa kwakanyanya.

Zvakaipa: iyo weld padyo nesimbi nekuda kwekushongedza yakakwira tembiricha mhedzisiro yekuumbwa kwenzvimbo yakakanganiswa nekupisa inogona kunge iri zvimwe zvikamu zvezvinhu zvinova brittle; welding process yesimbi nekusaenzana kugoverwa kwekushisa kwakanyanya uye kutonhora, kuitira kuti chimiro che weld chisara kushushikana uye kusara deformation pane chimiro chekutakura kugona, kuoma uye kuita kune imwe mhedzisiro; welded chimiro nekuda kwekuoma kwemahombe, emunharaunda makatsemuka anoitika nyore kutambanudza kune yese, kunyanya pakudziya kwakadzika kunowanzoita brittle fracture; welded majoini nekuda kwekuoma, kutsemuka kwenzvimbo kunoitika nyore kutambanudza kune yese, kunyanya pakudziya kwakaderera. Brittle fracture; weld connection plasticity uye kuoma kwakashata, welding inogona kubereka kukanganisa, kuitira kuti simba rekuneta rideredzwe.

(B) bhaudhi kubatana

Bolt yekubatanidza iri kuburikidza nemabhaudhi fasteners senge majoini akabatana kuti ive imwe. Bolt yekubatanidza yakakamurwa kuita yakajairwa bhaudhi yekubatanidza uye yakakwirira simba bhoti yekubatanidza.

Zvakanakira: nyore kuvaka maitiro, nyore kuisa, kunyanya akakodzera kuisirwa saiti yekubatanidza, zvakare nyore kubvisa, yakakodzera kudikanwa kwekuisa uye kubvisa chimiro uye kubatanidza kwenguva pfupi.

Kukanganisa: kudiwa kwekuvhura makomba mundiro uye gungano remakomba, kuwedzera basa rekugadzira, uye kugadzirwa kwepamusoro-soro zvinodiwa; mabhoti maburi zvakare anonetesa chikamu chemuchinjiko chechikamu, uye zvikamu zvakabatana zvinowanzoda kuvharwa kana kuwedzera ebetsero yekubatanidza ndiro (kana kona), uye nekudaro kuvaka kwakaoma uye simbi inodhura.

Rivet yekubatanidza ndiyo imwe magumo ine semi-denderedzwa yakagadziridzwa musoro werivet, mbambo yembambo ichapisa tsvuku uye nekukasira kupinzwa mumakomba ezvipikiri mune chinongedzo, uye wozoshandisa rivet pfuti ichakwizirwa kune imwe mugumo wembambo. musoro, kuitira kuti uite chinongedzo kuti uwane kutsanya.

Advantages: riveting yakavimbika simba kutapurirana, plasticity, kuoma zviri nani, unhu zviri nyore kutarisa uye nechokwadi kuti inogona kushandiswa inorema uye yakananga kutakura simba mutoro chimiro.Zvakashata: riveting nzira yakaoma, kugadzira inodhura uye yebasa-yakanyanya, uye kushanda. -yakanyanya, saka zvave zvichinyanya kutsivaced ne welding uye yakakwirira-simba bhaudhi yekubatanidza.

VII. welded kubatana

(A) Welding nzira

Iyo yakajairwa welding nzira yekugadzirwa kwesimbi ndeyemagetsi arc welding, inosanganisira manual arc welding, otomatiki kana semi-otomatiki arc welding uye gasi shielded welding.

Manual arc welding ndiyo inonyanya kushandiswa welding nzira mukugadzirwa kwesimbi, ine midziyo yakapusa, inoshanduka uye iri nyore kushanda. Nekudaro, mamiriro ebasa haana kunaka, kugadzirwa kwakaderera pane kweiyo otomatiki kana semi-otomatiki welding, uye kusiyanisa kwemhando ye weld yakakura, izvo zvinoenderana neiyo welder's technical level kusvika pamwero wakati.

Otomatiki welding seam quality kugadzikana, weld yemukati kuremara kushoma, yakanaka plasticity, yakanaka kukanganisa kuoma, yakakodzera welding yakareba yakananga weld. Semi-otomatiki welding nekuda kwekushanda kwemanyorero, inokodzera welding curve kana chimiro chinopokana cheweld. Otomatiki uye semi-otomatiki welding inofanira kushandiswa nemuviri mukuru wesimbi uye inoyerera inoenderana newaya, waya inofanirwa kuenderana nemitemo yenyika, flux inofanirwa kutariswa zvinoenderana nezvinodiwa zvewelding process.

Gasi shielded welding ndeye kushandisa inert gasi (kana CO2) gasi sechidziviriro chepakati chearc, kuitira kuti simbi yakanyungudutswa iparadzaniswe nemhepo kuti ichengetedze nzira yekugadzira. Gasi shielded welding arc heat concentration, welding speed, kudzika kwefusion, saka kusimba kweweld kwakakwira kudarika manual welding. Uye yakanaka plasticity uye ngura kuramba, yakakodzera gobvu simbi welding.

(B) chimiro che weld

Weld yekubatanidza fomu maererano nekubatana kune yakabatana chinzvimbo chenhengo inogona kukamurwa kuita butt, lap, T-yakaita sekubatanidza uye angle yekubatanidza uye mamwe mafomu mana. Aya makubatanidza anoshandiswa mune weld seam butt weld uye fillet weld mafomu maviri akakosha. Mune chaiyo application, inofanirwa kubatanidzwa zvinoenderana nesimba, yakasanganiswa nekugadzira, yekuisa uye welding mamiriro ekusarudzwa.

1, asi weld

Butt welds yakananga kuendesa simba, yakatsetseka, hapana yakakosha kushushikana kwechiitiko, uye nekudaro kuita kwakanaka, kwekutakura static uye dynamic mitoro inoshandiswa pakubatana kwezvikamu. Nekudaro, nekuda kwemhando yepamusoro inodiwa yebutt weld, iyo gaka rekushongedza pakati pemawelds rinonyanya kuomesesa zvinodiwa, zvinowanzo shandiswa mukugadzira fekitori yekubatanidza.

2, fillet weld

Chimiro che fillet weld: fillet weld maererano nehurefu hwayo kutungamira uye kutungamira kwesimba rekunze, inogona kukamurwa kuita parallel kune kutungamira kwedivi reforce fillet weld, perpendicular kune kutungamira kumberi kweforce fillet weld. uye kutungamira kwesimba kunopindirana diagonally ne oblique fillet weld uye circumferential weld.

Iyo muchinjika-chikamu fomu ye fillet weld inoparadzaniswa zvakare kuve yakajairwa, flat slope uye yakadzika fusion mhando. Mumufananidzo, hf inonzi saizi yetsoka yefillet weld. Ordinary type cross-section weld foot side ratio ye1: 1, yakafanana neisosceles yekona yekona, simba rekufambisa mutsara wekupeta rinowedzera zvakanyanya, saka kushushikana kwepfungwa kwakakomba. Kune iyo dhizaini yakanangana nemitoro ine simba, kuitira kuti simba rekufambisa rive rakatsetseka, kumberi kwekona weld kunofanirwa kushandiswa maviri weld kona kumucheto saizi reshiyo ye1: 1.

VIII. bolt connection

(A) Chimiro chezvakajairwa bhaudhi yekubatanidza

1, Chimiro uye kutsanangurwa kweiyo common bolt

2, Kurongeka kweiyo common bolt yekubatanidza

Kurongeka kwemabhoti kunofanirwa kunge kuri nyore, yunifomu uye compact, kusangana nezvinodiwa zvesimba, kuvakwa kwakanaka uye nyore kuisa. Kune marudzi maviri ekugadzirisa: padivi-ne-parutivi uye akadzedzereka. Juxtaposition iri nyore uye yakasimudzwa kurongeka kwakanyanya compact.

(B) masimba masimba eakajairwa bhaudhi yekubatanidza

1,Kuveura bhaudhi yekubatanidza

2,Tension bhaudhi yekubatanidza

3,Tension uye shear bhaudhi yekubatanidza

High-simba bhaudhi yekubatanidza inogona kukamurwa kuita friction mhando uye kudzvanywa mhando zvichienderana nedhizaini uye simba zvinodiwa. Friction type yekubatanidza mukumira shear, kunze kwesimba rekugera kuti risvike pakukwanisa kupikisa pakati peplate yemuganhu wenyika; apo kupfuura apo hama inotsvedza pakati pendiro, ndiko kuti, kubatana kwave kuchionekwa sekukundikana uye kukanganisa. Pressure type yekubatanidza mushear, wobva wabvumira kupokana kuti ukunde uye kutsvedza pakati pendiro, uye ipapo simba rekunze rinogona kuramba richiwedzera, uye mushure mezvo kuparadzwa kwekupedzisira kwescrew shear kana buri madziro kumanikidza kune inogumira nyika.