Maitiro ekudzivirira ngura uye ngura pane simbi chimiro

Simbi chimiro engineering chivakwainozivikanwa seyakasvibira purojekiti yezana ramakore rechi21, chimiro chesimbi chine zvakawanda zvakanaka senge simba rakakura, simba rekurodha rakasimba, huremu huremu, nzvimbo diki yenzvimbo yakagarwa, kugadzira nyore uye kuisirwa zvinhu, kuchengetedza huni, nezvimwe, saka ndizvo. zvakanyanya uye zvakanyanya kushandiswa mumaindasitiri uye zvivakwa zvevagari.Steel Frame Buildings uye Steel Structure Warehouses ari kwese kwese.

Nekukurumidza kusimukira kweindasitiri, simbi yekuramba kuita ngura uye kushomeka kwekudzivirira ngura nekuora uye zvimwe zvinhu zvishoma nezvishoma zvakaonekwa, kunyanya munzvimbo dzemahombekombe uye indasitiri yemakemikari yave dambudziko guru!

Kuora kwechimiro chesimbi hakungokonzeri kurasikirwa kwehupfumi chete, asiwo kunounza njodzi yakavanzika kune kuchengetedzwa kwechimiro, uye tsaona dzeinjiniya dzinokonzerwa nekuora kwesimbi dzinowanzoitika, saka iyo anti-corrosion kurapwa kwesimbi chimiro (kunyanya yakaonda-yakavezwa simbi zvikamu) ndeye yekukosha kukuru kwehupfumi nemagariro, uye zvinotevera ndedzimwe sumo uye nhaurirano pamusoro pematambudziko anowanikwa mukuvakwa uye dzimwe nzira dzekurapa.

1. Zvikonzero zvikuru zvekuora kwezvivako zvesimbi

Kudzivirira kuparara kwesimbi kunotanga nekunzwisisa zvikonzero zvekuora kwesimbi.

1.1 Corrosion mechanism yesimbi patembiricha yekamuri (pasi pe100 ° C)

Kuora kwesimbi pakupisa kwekamuri kunonyanya kukonzerwa ne electrochemical corrosion. Zvivako zvesimbi zvinoshandiswa mumhepo pane tembiricha yekamuri, uye simbi inoshatiswa nekuita kwehunyoro, okisijeni uye zvimwe zvinosvibisa (isina kuchena welding slag, rust layer, tsvina yepasi) mumhepo. Hunyoro hunyoro hwemhepo huri pasi pe60%, kuparara kwesimbi kuduku zvikuru; asi kana hunyoro hunowedzera kune imwe kukosha, chiyero chekuora kwesimbi chinosimuka kamwe kamwe, uye kukosha uku kunonzi humidity yakakosha. Pane tembiricha yekamuri, iyo general simbi yakakosha humidity ye60% kusvika 70%.

Kana mhepo yakasvibiswa kana munyu mumhepo munzvimbo dzemahombekombe, hunyoro hunokosha hushoma, nzvimbo yesimbi iri nyore kugadzira firimu remvura. Panguva ino, welding slag uye isina kubatwa ngura layer (simbi oxide) sezvo cathode, simbi chimiro zvikamu (hwaro zvinhu) sezvo anode mumvura firimu electrochemical ngura. Unyoro hwemuchadenga hwakashongedzwa pamusoro pesimbi kuti iite firimu remvura ndiyo inotaridza kuparara kwesimbi; hunyoro hwemuchadenga uye zviri mukati mezvinosvibisa zvinhu zvakakosha zvinokanganisa mwero wekuora kwemhepo.

1.2 Corrosion michina yesimbi pakupisa kwakanyanya (pamusoro pe100 ℃)

Kuora kwesimbi pakupisa kwakanyanya kunonyanya kukonzera kemikari. Pakupisa kwepamusoro, mvura iripo munzvimbo ine gasi, iyo electrochemical effect idiki kwazvo, yakaderedzwa kuita yechipiri chinhu. Metal uye yakaoma gasi (yakadai seO2, H2S, SO2, Cl2, nezvimwewo) kusangana, chizvarwa chepamusoro chezvikamu zvinowirirana (chlorides, sulfides, oxides), kuumbwa kwemakemikari ekuora kwesimbi.

2 Nzira dzekudzivirira kubva pakuora kwezvivako zvesimbi

Zvinoenderana neiyo electrochemical musimboti wesimbi corrosion, chero kuumbwa kwe corrosion bhatiri kuchidzivirirwa kana kuparadzwa kana iyo cathodic uye anodic maitiro akavharwa zvakasimba, kukora kwesimbi kunogona kudzivirirwa. Iko kushandiswa kweyekudzivirira layer nzira yekudzivirira kukora kwesimbi chimiro inzira yakajairika parizvino, iyo inowanzoshandiswa yekudzivirira layer ine anotevera marudzi:

2.1 Metal inodzivirira layer: simbi inodzivirira layer isimbi kana alloy ine cathodic kana anodic inodzivirira mhedzisiro, kuburikidza ne electroplating, spray plating, kemikari plating, inopisa plating uye seepage plating uye dzimwe nzira, kudiwa kwekudzivirira simbi yepasi kuti iite simbi inodzivirira layer (firimu) kuparadzanisa simbi kubva kune inopisa mukati inosangana nemhepo inoparadza, kana kushandiswa kwe electrochemical kudzivirira maitiro ekudzivirira kwesimbi, kuitira kudzivirira kuparara.

2.2 Dziviriro layer: kuburikidza nemakemikari kana electrochemical nzira dzekugadzira pamusoro pesimbi kuti igadzire firimu remukomboni risingadzivirike, kuitira kuparadzanisa svikiro rinopisa uye kubata kwesimbi, kudzivirira kuora kwesimbi.

2.3 Non-metallic protective layer: nependi, mapurasitiki, enamel nezvimwe zvinhu, kuburikidza nekupenda uye kupfapfaidza uye dzimwe nzira, kugadzira firimu rinodzivirira pamusoro pesimbi, kuitira kuti simbi uye nhepfenyuro inoparadza zviparadzanise, kuitira kudzivirira kuparara kwesimbi. .

3. Steel pamusoro kurapwa

Simbi yekugadzirisa kufekitari isati yasvika, pamusoro pezvikamu zvichange zvakasvibiswa nemafuta, unyoro, guruva uye zvimwe zvinosvibisa, pamwe nekuvapo kweburrs, iron oxide, rust layer uye humwe hurema hwepamusoro. Kubva pane zvikonzero zvakapfuura zvekuora kwechimiro chesimbi, tinoziva kuti zviri mukati mezvinosvibisa chinhu chakakosha chinokanganisa chiyero chekuora kwemuchadenga, uye kusvibiswa kwepamusoro kuchakanganisa zvakanyanya kunamatira kwemajasi pamusoro pesimbi, uye kugadzira pendi. firimu riri pasi pekuora rinoramba richiwedzera, zvichikonzera kukanganisa kana kukanganisa kwekuvhara, kusakwanisa kuwana chinodiwa chekudzivirira. Naizvozvo, kunaka kwesimbi kwepamusoro kurapwa pane inodzivirira mhedzisiro yejasi uye hupenyu hwesimba, dzimwe nguva kunyange kupfuura iyo yekupfeka pachayo akasiyana ekuita misiyano mukukanganisa kweanotevera maficha anofanirwa kusimbiswa:

3.1. Kune zvikamu zvinotakura zvinotakura zvakaoma kugadziriswa panguva yebasa, giredhi rekudzikisa rinofanira kuwedzerwa zvakakodzera.

3.2. Pamberi uye mushure mekudzikisa, mafuta, burr, ganda remushonga, splash uye iron oxide inofanira kubviswa.

3.3. kugamuchirwa kwehutano hwekudzikisa nekupenda mabasa kuchave maererano nemitemo.

4.Anti-corrosion Coating

Anti-corrosion coatings inowanzo umbwa neprimer uye top coat. Primer muupfu zvakanyanya, zvishoma zvigadziko zvinhu, firimu rakashata, basa rekutanga nderokugadzira firimu yepende ine uswa-midzi pamwero uye topcoat kusanganiswa kwekusimba, ndiko kuti, kuve nekunamatira kwakanaka; primer ine corrosion inhibiting pigments, inogona kudzivirira kuitika kwekuora, uye mamwe anogonawo kuva passivation yesimbi uye electrochemical kudzivirira kudzivirira simbi kubva ngura. Iyo topcoat ishoma hupfu, yakawedzera base zvinhu, mushure mekunge firimu rave kupenya, basa guru nderokudzivirira rezasi rekutanga, saka rinofanira kunge risingapindike mumhepo uye hunyoro, uye rinofanirwa kurwisa kuparara kwemuviri nemakemikari. zvinokonzerwa nemamiriro ekunze. Mamiriro azvino ndeekushandisa masynthetic resin kuvandudza kusimba kwemamiriro ekunze kwepakati. Anti-corrosion coatings neatmospheric resistance kazhinji inoshingirira chete kumhute yechikamu chekuora mumhepo. Kune nzvimbo dziri pasi pekuora nemaasidhi uye alkali uye mamwe midhiya, asidhi uye alkali inodzivirira mabhanhire inofanira kushandiswa.

Anti-corrosion pendi zvinoenderana nebasa rekudzivirira inogona kukamurwa kuita primer, pendi yepakati uye jasi repamusoro, imwe neimwe pende ine hunhu hwayo, imwe neimwe inobata basa rayo, kusanganiswa kwezvikamu, kuumbwa kwejasi rinoumbwa kunatsiridza anti-corrosion performance, kurebesa hupenyu hwesevhisi.

4.1 kutanga

Primer layer inowanzoshandiswa anti-corrosion coatings ndeye zinc-rich primer uye epoxy iron-red primer, zinc-rich pendi inoumbwa nenhamba yakawanda ye micro-fine zinc poda uye zvishoma zvemafirimu-kugadzira zvinhu. Zinc's electrochemical properties yakakwirira kudarika yesimbi, uye kana ichiiswa pasi, ine "kuzvibaira" maitiro, kuitira kuti simbi inodzivirirwa. Iyo corrosion chigadzirwa zinc oxide inozadza ma pores uye inoita kuti iyo yekupfeka iwedzere kuomarara. Inowanzo shandiswa zinc-rich primer ine anotevera marudzi matatu:

(1) girazi remvura inorganic zinc-rich primer, iri girazi remvura sechinhu chigadziko, wedzera zinc poda, kusanganisa uye kubhurasha, mushure mekurapa kugezwa nemvura, maitiro ekuvaka akaomarara, akaomarara maitiro, kurapwa kwepamusoro kunofanirwa. iva muSa2.5 kana kupfuura, kuwedzera kune ambient tembiricha, humidity zvinodiwa, kuumbwa kweiyo firimu yekuputira iri nyore kuputika, kuputika, uye haina kumboshandiswa.

(2) soluble inorganic zinc-rich primer, iyo primer yakavakirwa ethyl orthosilicate, doro sechinhu chinonyungudutsa, chikamu hydrolyzed polymerization, wedzera zinc poda yakasanganiswa zvakaenzana coated firimu.

(3) zinc-rich primer, iri epoxy resin senge firimu-inogadzira base zvinhu, ichiwedzera zinc hupfu, kurapa kugadzira kuvharisa. Epoxy zinc-rich primer haingori yakanakisa anticorrosion zvivakwa, uye yakasimba adhesion, uye neanotevera coating epoxy iron-cloud pendi yakanaka adhesion mhando. Inonyanya kushandiswa mumhepo yakajairika yesimbi furemu chimiro uye petrochemical midziyo corrosion.

Epoxy iron oxide red primer yakakamurwa kuita magaba maviri-chikamu pendi, chikamu A (pendi) yakagadzirwa epoxy resin, iron oxide tsvuku uye mamwe antirust pigments toughening agent, anti-kunyura agent, nezvimwewo, chikamu B inhengo inorapa, kuvakwa kwechikamu chekuendeswa. Iron oxide tsvuku rudzi rwemuviri anti-rust pigment, hunhu hwayo hwakagadzikana, simba rekuvhara rakasimba, zvimedu zvakanaka, zvinogona kutamba zvakanaka kudzivirira mufirimu yepende, ine yakanaka anti-rust performance. Epoxy iron oxide red primer pandiro yesimbi uye yepamusoro pendi ye epoxy pendi ine kunamatira kwakanaka, inokurumidza kuomeswa patembiricha yekamuri, iyo yepamusoro pendi yependi haina kubuda ropa ruvara, inowanzoshandiswa mumapaipi esimbi, matangi, simbi chimiro anticorrosion mapurojekiti. , sekutanga ngura.

4.2 yepakati pendi yepende

Pendi yepakati pendi inowanzonzi epoxy mica uye epoxy glass scale pendi kana epoxy gobvu slurry pendi. Epoxy mica pendi inogadzirwa ne epoxy resin se base zvinhu nekuwedzera mica iron oxide, iyo microstructure ye mica iron oxide yakafanana nemica ine flaky, ukobvu hwayo hungori mashoma mamicrometer, uye dhayamita rayo makumi emakromita kusvika zana remakromita. Iyo yakakwira tembiricha kuramba, alkali kuramba, acid kuramba, isiri-chepfu, chimiro cheflake chinogona kudzivirira kupinda kwepakati, kukwidziridzwa kweanti-corrosion kuita, uye kuderera kuderera, kushata kwepamusoro, yakanakisa yepakati pendi yependi yeanti-corrosion. Epoxy girazi chiyero chependi ndeye epoxy resin sechinhu chepasi, ine girazi rakatsetseka chiyero semuunganidzwa, pamwe nemhando dzakasiyana dzezviwedzere zvinoumbwa nependi gobvu-rudzi rweanticorrosion pendi. Girazi chiyero chegirafu chinongova 2 kusvika ku5 microns. Sezvo zviyero zvakarongwa muzvikamu kumusoro uye pasi mumucheka, chimiro chakasiyana chekudzivirira chinoumbwa.

4.3 jasi repamusoro

Iwo pendi anoshandiswa patopcoats anogona kukamurwa kuita mamakisi matatu zvichienderana nemitengo yavo:

(1) Yakajairika giredhi ndeye epoxy pendi, chlorinated rabha pendi, chlorosulphonated polyethylene yayo uye zvichingodaro;

(2) Yepakati giredhi ndeye polyurethane pendi;

(3) Yepamusoro giredhi ndeye silicone-modified polyurethane pendi, silicone-modified acrylic top coat, fluorine pendi zvichingodaro.

Epoxy pendi mushure mekurapa kemikari, kugadzikana kwemakemikari, dense coating, yakasimba adhesion, yakakwirira mechanical zvivakwa, inoshingirira kune acid, alkali, munyu, inogona kuramba akasiyana emakemikari media corrosion.

5. Kusarudzwa kwepende yeanticorrosive kunofanira kufunga nezvemashoko akawanda

5.1 Kutariswa kunofanirwa kupihwa kuenderana kwemamiriro ekushandiswa kwechimiro uye huwandu hwependi dzakasarudzwa, zvichibva pane inoparadza svikiro (rudzi, tembiricha uye kutarisisa) gasi chikamu kana chidimbu chemvura, nzvimbo dzinopisa uye dzine hunyoro kana nzvimbo dzakaoma nezvimwe. mamiriro ekusarudzwa. Kune acidic medium, phenolic resin pendi ine zvirinani acid resistance inogona kushandiswa, nepo kune alkaline medium, epoxy resin pendi ine zvirinani alkali resistance inofanira kushandiswa.

5.2 Mikana yemamiriro ekuvaka inofanirwa kutariswa. Mamwe akakodzera kubhurasha, mamwe akakodzera kupfapfaidza, mamwe akakodzera kuomeswa kwechisikigo kuita firimu uye zvichingodaro. Kune mamiriro ezvinhu, zvinokurudzirwa kushandisa yakaoma, nyore kupfapfaidza pendi inotonhora.

5.3 Funga nezvekuenzanisa kwakaringana kwemajasi. Sezvo pendi yakawanda iri organic colloidal material seyakadzika, pendi yese layer yefirimu, pane zvisingadziviriki akawanda akasarudzika madiki microporous, corrosive media inogona kuramba ichipinda mukukukurwa kwesimbi. Nokudaro, kuvakwa kwependi yemazuva ano haisi kuvharwa mutsara mumwe chete, asi yakavharidzirwa yakawanda, chinangwa ndechekuderedza microporous kusvika zvishoma. Panofanirwa kuve nekugadzikana kwakanaka pakati peprimer uye topcoat. Zvakadai sevinyl chloride pendi uye phosphating primer kana iron red alkyd primer inotsigira kushandiswa kwemigumisiro yakanaka, uye haigoni kushandiswa nemafuta-based primer (yakadai semafuta-based red paint) inotsigira kushandiswa. Nokuti perchlorethylene pendi ine zvinonyungudutsa zvakasimba, ichaparadza primer film.

Izvo zvakakosha zvikuru kuita basa rakanaka muantirust uye anticorrosion kusimudzira kusimudzira kwesimbi chimiro chivakwa, kuchengetedza zvinhu, kuwedzera hupenyu hwebasa rechivako, kuve nechokwadi chekugadzirwa kwakachengeteka uye kuderedza kusvibiswa kwezvakatipoteredza.