Tsanangudzo yakadzama yeyakakura-span truss kuvaka1

Zvivakwa zveSimbi mhinduro inodhura zvakanyanya uye inogoneka kune mabhizinesi mune ese maindasitiri.Tichishandisa zvivakwa zvesimbi zvakadai sematura emadziro uye zvivakwa zvesimbi, isu tinodawo kunzwisisa kuti ndezvipi zvinhu zvinokanganisa maumbirwo esimbi.

1, Kemikari yakagadzirwa

• Carbon:chikamu chikuru chesimba resimbi. Kabhoni yemukati inofambira mberi, kufambira mberi kwesimba resimbi, asi pamwe chete nepurasitiki yesimbi, kuramba, kutonhora kukotama basa, weldability uye kuramba ngura uye ngura inogona kuderedzwa, kunyanya pakudziya kwakadzika pasi pesimba rekudzivirira kuchaderedzwa zvakare.
• Manganese uye silicon:zvinhu zvakanaka musimbi, zviri deoxidizers, zvinogona kuvandudza simba, asi kwete yakawandisa plasticity uye kukanganisa kuramba.
• Vanadium, niobium, titanium:alloying zvinhu musimbi, zvese kuvandudza kusimba kwesimbi, asiwo kuchengetedza yakanakisa plastiki, kuramba.
• Aluminium:deoxidizer yakasimba, ine aruminiyamu yekugadzira iyo deoxidation, inogona kuwedzera kuderedza oxides inokuvadza musimbi.
• Chromium uye nickel:alloying zvinhu kuvandudza simba resimbi.
• Sulfur uye phosphorus:tsvina yakasara musimbi panguva yekurovedza muviri, zvinhu zvinokuvadza. Vanoderedza plastiki, kuramba, weldability uye kuneta simba resimbi. Sulfur inogona kugadzira simbi "inopisa brittle", phosphorus inoita simbi "inotonhora brittle".
• "Hot brittle":sarufa inogona kuburitsa nyore kunyungudutsa iron sulfide, kana inopisa basa uye welding kuita tembiricha inosvika 800 ~ 1000 ℃, kuitira kuti simbi inoburitsa mitswe, brittle chitarisiko.
• "Cold brittle":pakudzikira kwakadzika, phosphorus inoita kuti simbi inokanganisa kuramba yadzikira zvakanyanya muchiitiko.
• Oxygen uye nitrogen:tsvina inokuvadza musimbi. Oxygen inogona kuita simbi inopisa brittle, nitrogen inogona kuita simbi inotonhora brittle.

2, Mhedzisiro yekukanganisa kwesimbi

Kazhinji metallurgical drawbacks zvinosanganisira kuparadzaniswa, kwete-metallic admixture, porosity, kuputika, delamination, nezvimwewo, izvo zvose zvinokanganisa basa resimbi.

3、Simbi kuomesa

Kudhirowa kunotonhora, kukotama kunotonhora, kubaya, mechanical shear uye rimwe basa rinotonhora kuitira kuti simbi ive neyakakura deformation yepurasitiki, yobva yavandudza goho resimbi, pamwe nekuderera kwepurasitiki uye kuramba kwesimbi, chiitiko ichi chinozivikanwa se. kuoma kwechando kana kuomarara.

4, tembiricha mhedzisiro

Simbi inonyatso nzwisisa tembiricha, uye zvese zvinowedzera nekudzikira tembiricha zvinokonzeresa shanduko mukushanda kwesimbi. Kusiyana neizvi, basa rakaderera rekushisa resimbi rinonyanya kukosha.

Mune yakanaka tembiricha chiyero, yakajairika maitiro ndeyekutevera kukwira kwekushisa, simba resimbi rinoderera, deformation inowedzera. Inenge 200 ℃ mukati mekushanda kwesimbi haishanduki zvikuru, 430 ~ 540 ℃ pakati pesimba (goho simba uye simba rekugadzirisa) kuderera kunopinza; kusvika 600 ℃ apo simba rakaderera zvikuru haigoni kutakura mutoro.

Pamusoro pezvo, 250 ℃ padyo neblue brittle phenomenon, ingangoita 260 ~ 320 ℃ kana paine chinokambaira chiitiko.